Understanding Internet of Things malware by analyzing endpoints in their static artifacts
نویسندگان
چکیده
The lack of security measures among the Internet Things (IoT) devices and their persistent online connection gives adversaries a prime opportunity to target them or even abuse as intermediary targets in larger attacks such distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) campaigns. In this paper, we analyze IoT malware focus on endpoints reachable public Internet, that play an essential part ecosystem. Namely, acting dropzones gain insights into underlying dynamics ecosystem, affinity between IP addresses, different patterns endpoints. Towards goal, reverse-engineer 2423 samples extract strings from obtain addresses. We further gather information about these Internet-wide scanners, Shodan Censys. Our results, through analysis visualization expose clear sources attacks, attack exposure by infrastructure, depiction ecosystem whole, only utilizing static artifacts. investigation four perspectives provides profound role which deepens our understanding ecosystems can assist future defenses.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Computer Networks
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['1872-7069', '1389-1286']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2022.108768